| ᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠡᠳᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ | — ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠄ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠰᠤᠳᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ︵登特科︶ | ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠡᠭᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠡᠭᠭᠤᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠯᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ︵1934 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠡᠭᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︵ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠪᠡ︶᠃ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ | ᠪᠡ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠡᠭᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ︵范察布︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠴᠡᠩᠰᠢᠩ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1853︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ᠂ ᠸᠡᠭᠵᠢᠩᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 1636 — 1643 ᠤᠨᠠ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 8 | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢᠡᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠬᠠ ︵布特哈 ᠨᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠤᠨ ︵1732︶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠪᠡ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ | ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠪᠤᠤ᠂ ᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ︔ 2᠂ 3᠂ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠤ — | ᠲᠤᠡᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠺᠠᠰᠺᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠤ ᠨᠢ 1763 ᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠡᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠠ 282 ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1732 | — 2014 ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠷᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ 12 ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠡᠯ᠄ | ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠩᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠡᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ 6᠂ 7᠂ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠩᠳᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠬᠦᠤ ᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠠᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ | ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠹᠥᠮᠢᠡᠳᠠᠢ ︵福明泰︶ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠧᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ︽5 · 4︾ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 1929 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠹᠥᠮᠢᠡᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠥᠨ ᠷᠥᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠡᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 1929 . 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠡ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠡᠯᠠᠮᠠ ︵ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ — ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ︶ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢᠡᠴᠢᠷ᠃ | ᠹᠥᠮᠢᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠤ — ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠯᠢᠡᠳᠠᠢ ︵华霖 泰︶ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ︵早稻田︶ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠰᠤᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠹᠸᠡᠭ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠯᠢᠩᠱᠸᠡᠩ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢᠡᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ︵松贤︶᠂ ᠮᠸᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ︵孟贤︶ ᠪᠡ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢᠡᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ︵任贤︶᠂ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠷᠥᠢ ︵海瑞︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠷᠥᠢ | ︵桂瑞︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 5 ᠦᠬᠢᠨ 1926 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠧᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠡ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠴᠠᠩᠰᠢᠩ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠷᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠹᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨᠡᠰᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠮᠧᠨ ︵乾清门︶ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠡᠭᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ︽ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠳᠤᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ︵ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ︶ ᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠤᠷ | ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵2014. 8. 7︶ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ︵2013. 10. 26 | — 2014. 6. 7︶ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ — ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | |